Resumo Este trabalho teve como objetivo avaliar o comportamento de mudas de guapuruvu (Schizolobium parahyba (Vell.) Blake) crescidas em substratos constituídos por misturas de cinco materiais, em diferentes combinações, bem como analisar a influência da irrigação no crescimento das mudas em viveiro. O experimento foi instalado no Departamento de Engenharia Rural da Faculdade de Ciências Agrárias e Veterinárias - UNESP, Campus de Jaboticabal - SP, Brasil. O delineamento utilizado foi o inteiramente casualizado consistindo de 30 tratamentos num esquema fatorial 15 × 2 (15 substratos e 2 níveis de irrigação), em 4 repetições. Os substratos foram compostos por combinações de diferentes materiais: Composto de lixo urbano, Plantmax(r), esterco bovino curtido, vermiculita e solo. Para o estudo do crescimento das mudas, as seguintes características foram avaliadas: altura da parte aérea (H), o diâmetro do colo (D), o número de folhas, o peso da massa seca da parte aérea, do sistema radicular, e peso total, a relação H/D, o Índice de Qualidade de Dickson e a relação altura da parte aérea/ peso da massa seca da parte aérea. As três primeiras características foram medidas aos 20, 35, 50 e 65 dias após a semeadura. A análise dos resultados obtidos permitiu concluir que o composto de lixo urbano favoreceu o crescimento das mudas de Schizolobium parahyba. Quanto aos níveis de irrigação testados, pôde-se verificar que houve diferenças estatísticas e o nível de irrigação 150% ET se destacou em relação ao 100% ET.

Abstract The present study aimed to assess the behavior of seedlings of Schizolobium parahyba (Vell.) Blake growing on different substrates and irrigation levels, and to study the use of urban waste compost in substrates. The experiment was carried out in the College of Agricultural Sciences, Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), Department of Agricultural Engineering, Jaboticabal Campus, state of São Paulo, Brazil. The experimental design used was completely randomized, consisting of 30 treatments in a factorial design with 15 substrates and two irrigation levels in four replicates. The substrates were composed of different materials: urban waste, Plantmax(r), dry cattle manure, vermiculite and soil. For the study of seedling growth, the following characteristics were evaluated: height (H), root-collar diameter (D), number of leaves, shoot dry weight, root dry weight, total dry weight, H/D ratio, Dickson's quality index, and the ratio between height and shoot dry weight (H/SDW). Assessments of the first three characteristics were carried out 20, 35, 50 and 65 days after sowing. Results showed that urban waste compost increased the growth of Schizolobium parahyba. There were significant differences for the irrigation levels tested; with better results for 150% ET compared to 100% ET irrigation level.

Este trabalho teve como objetivo avaliar as características morfométricas das microbacias (2ª, 3ª, 4ª e 5ª ordens de magnitude) da bacia hidrográfica do córrego Rico, sub-bacia do Rio Mogi-Guaçu, localizada na região administrativa de Ribeirão Preto, Estado de São Paulo, Brasil. Para tanto, foram determinados os parâmetros físicos e a configuração topográfica natural do sistema de drenagem. Os procedimentos para a obtenção dos dados foram fundamentados em técnicas de sensoriamento remoto e geoprocessamento. A partir da vetorização das cartas topográficas correspondentes à área de estudo, realizou-se a análise morfométrica quanto às características dimensionais, do padrão de drenagem e do relevo no sistema de informação geográfica ArcView. A microbacia é considerada de sexta ordem de magnitude, com área estimada de 542 km², com 85 microbacias de segunda ordem, 22 de terceira, sete de quarta ordem e duas de quinta. Utilizando o critério geométrico, na disposição fluvial das sub-bacias de cabeceiras observou-se a predominância dos modelos dendríticos e subdendríticos, enquanto a jusante predominava o modelo subparalelo, respectivamente, nas áreas de ocorrências dos arenitos Bauru e rochas efusivas básicas.

This study had as its objective to evaluate the morphometric characteristics of the catchments of the Córrego Rico watershed, the sub-basin of the Mogi-Guaçu River, located in the administrative region of Ribeirão Preto, the State of São Paulo, Brazil, in order to measure physical parameters and topographical features of the natural drainage system. The procedures for obtaining the data were all based on remote sensing and geographic information systems. The topographic maps corresponding to the study area were extracted for analysis in the geographical information systems ArcView of the dimensional characteristics of the drainage and relief patterns. The watershed is considered a sixth order of magnitude basin, with 542 km² of area, with 85 catchments of the second order, 22 catchments of the third order, 4 catchments of the fourth order and 2 catchments of the fifth order. Using the geometric criterion, at the upriver sub-basins, the predominant models are dendritic and subdendritcs, while downstream the subparallel model is predominant, respectively, in the areas of occurrences of Bauru sandstones and effusive rocks.

El objetivo de este trabajo fue el de caracterizar morfométricamente la cuenca hidrográfica del río Bobo, en el Departamento de Nariño, Colombia. A partir de cartas topográficas del área, en la escala 1: 25.000, se elaboró un mapa base de la red de drenaje y de los límites de las microcuencas de segundo orden de magnitud. Las características morfométricas dimensionales, de patrón de drenaje y del relieve, fueron determinadas para el estudio del comportamiento hidrológico de la cuenca hidrográfica del río Bobo, presentando una extensión superficial de 224,97 Km² y un perímetro de 71,31 Km, siendo considerada de 6° orden de magnitud, conformada por 176 canales de 2° orden de magnitud; 34 canales de 3° orden, 9 canales de 4° orden y 3 canales de 5° orden de magnitud. Presenta una densidad media de drenaje de 3,66 Km/Km², que refleja su alta densidad, con conformación bastante fuerte y disecada. La región se caracteriza por presentar un padrón de uso típico de zonas andinas con bosque nativo y predominio de cultivos transitorios de papa y hortalizas tradicionales.

The object of this work was to make a morphometric characterization of the Bobo river watershed in the Nariño department in Colombia. A map was created from topographical maps (1:25.000 scale) using the drainage network and the limit of each 2nd order microbasin as database. Dimensional, drainage network and relief morphometric parameters were evaluated for a later hydrological study. The drainage area was 224.97 km2, having a 71.31 km perimeter. The Bobo river watershed is considered to be 6th order and has 176 2nd order drainage channels, 34 3rd order drainage channels, 9 4th order drainage channels and 3 5th order drainage channels. Average drainage density is 3.71km/km², reflecting its high density, having strong, dissected geological formation. The area has a typical Andean landuse pattern, having native wooded vegetation, traditional transitory potato and vegetable growing predominating.

The objective of this research was to evaluate the growth of Tabebuia heptaphylla seedlings in distinct substrates with different amounts of urban waste compost and the relation between this growth and irrigation. A completely randomized experimental design was used, with a factorial arrangement of 15 substrates and 2 irrigation levels. The substrates were composed by the combination of different materials: urban waste, tanned cattle manure, vermiculite, soil and the commercial form Plantmax®. For the study of the seedlings development, the following characteristics were evaluated: plant height, stem diameter at soil level, number of leaves, above ground dry matter, root system dry matter, relation between plant height and stem base diameter, Dickson quality index and relation between plant height and above ground dry matter. Evaluations of plant height, stem diameter at soil level and number of leaves were made at 75, 90, 105, 120, 135 and 150 days after sowing. According to the results, it was concluded that urban waste compost does not increase plant development. Significant differences in relation to the irrigation levels were found, with better results for the 150% irrigation level compared to 100% evapotranspiration.

El estudio tuvo como objetivo evaluar el comportamiento de plántulas de Tabebuia heptaphylla producidas en sustratos con incorporación de diferentes cantidades de residuos urbanos y con dos regímenes de riego. El diseño estadístico utilizado consistió en bloques aleatorizados con 30 tratamientos en un esquema factorial de 15 x 2 (15 sustratos y dos niveles de irrigación), con dos repeticiones. Los sustratos fueron constituidos de diferentes combinaciones de: compuesto de residuo urbano, estiércol curtido, vermiculita más suelo, y sustrato comercial Plantmax®. Para el análisis de crecimiento de las plántulas se consideró: altura de la parte aérea, diámetro de la base del tallo de la planta, número de hojas, materia seca de la parte aérea y sistema radicular, relación altura de la parte aérea/diámetro de la base del tallo, índice de calidad de Dickson y relación altura de la parte aérea/materia seca de la parte aérea. Las características evaluadas fueron medidas a los 75, 90, 105, 120, 135 y 150 días después de la siembra. Se concluye que el compuesto de residuo urbano no favoreció el crecimiento de las plantas. El crecimiento de las plantas fue superior con el nivel de irrigación de 150% de la evapotranspiración con respecto al de 100%.

Se evaluaron características topográficas y muestras de agua en un cauce de la hacienda Gloria, municipio Jaboticabal, São Paulo, Brasil. Las características morfométricas del relieve y del agua fueron estudiadas en una pequeña cuenca hidrográfica, considerando zonas protegidas con bosque nativo y aquellas que presentaban uso agrícola de la tierra para ajustar la hipótesis de que el uso de ella afecta la calidad del agua y ayuda a predecir cómo se producen los cambios en este y en el local paisaje circundante. La calidad del agua fue evaluada en seis sitios y se analizaron los cambios de los parámetros físicos y químicos. Las muestras fueron recolectadas el mismo día de cada mes, durante un año, mediante un equipo de Horiba. Para determinar diferencias entre los sitios estudiados se realizó el análisis de varianza (Anova). El análisis de los datos presentó diferencias significativas de pH, conductividad eléctrica, turbidez, oxígeno disuelto y temperatura. Las características topográficas han sido influenciadas por las actividades agrícolas, impactando el medio ambiente. La escorrentía superficial es predominante en las laderas pronunciadas, sobre todo en las zonas altas de la cuenca. Los resultados indican la fragilidad de la cuenca agrícola a la exposición de contaminantes o agentes tóxicos, debido a la turbidez en el agua causada por la erosión de los suelos, la deposición de residuos agrícolas y por la escorrentía superficial.

Topographical characteristics and water quality were evaluated at Hacienda Gloria, in Jaboticabal, São Paulo State, Brazil . Understanding the relief’s morphometric characteristics and the course of the streams in a small watershed supported the hypothesis that land-use affects water quality and helps predict how changes in water-flow and the surrounding landscape occur; areas protected by native forest and those dedicated to agriculture were considered. Water quality was sampled at six sites and physical and chemical changes were analysed. Monthly water samples were collected from the streams on the same day of each month during the course of a year; Horiba equipment was used for recording data. One-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) was used for determining differences between the sites being investigated. Analysing the data revealed significant differences in pH, electric conductivity, turbidity, dissolved oxygen and temperature. Topographical characteristics have been influenced by agricultural activity, thereby having an environmental impact. Surface runoff was predominant on steep slopes, mainly in areas near the top of the watershed. Land-use has had a significant impact on many physical parameters, including stream turbidity and temperature which increased with deforestation. The results indicated the agricultural watershed’s fragility to pollutant exposure and/ or toxicity, mainly due to turbidity in the streams caused by soil erosion, waste discharge and runoff.